Below, you will find Phaser Modules on population models using discrete (MAP) and continuous (ODE) models. NOTE: The Phaser simulations in Ricker MAP and Beddington-Free-Lawton MAP require installing and running Phaser 3.0.

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Ricker MAP
A pioneering model of a density-dependent population.

Nicholson-Bailey MAP
The classic discrete host-parasitoid model exhibiting unstable oscillations.

Beddington-Free-Lawton MAP
Stabilizing Nicholson-Bailey with host density dependence.

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